Indiana Green Expo 2014

January 8-10, 2014
Indiana Convention Center, Indianapolis, IN


Education schedule, workshop descriptions, speaker highlights, exhibitors and trade show events found at www.indianagreenexpo.com or click here for IGE 2014 Brochure.

Speakers

We are excited to bring in a great group of speakers in the turf sessions this year. Highlighted speakers include:

Eric Baumeister, The Toro Company

Joe Becovitz, Office of the Indiana State Chemist

Cale Bigelow, Purdue University

Bill Brown, CGCS, Turf Republic

Mark Esoda, CGCS, Atlanta Country Club

Kevin Frank, Michigan State University

Keith Happ, United States Golf Association

Rick Latin, Purdue University

Bruce Martin, Clemson University

Aaron Patton, Purdue University 

Doug Richmond, Purdue University

James Rutledge, Bayer

Pamela Sherratt, Ohio State University

David Shetlar, Ohio State University 

John Sorochan, University of Tennessee

Fred Whitford, Purdue University

NEW! ICPI and NCMA installer certifications
Along with a great selection of workshops, IGE 2014 offers two new certification opportunities — Certified Concrete Paver Installer (Workshop F) and Certified SRW Installer (Workshop K)! Check out all the workshops.

Hotel Reservations are still open but subject to availability. Call the Hyatt Regency at 317-632-1234 right away!

Still time left to sign up for Indiana Green Expo to be held Jan 11-13!

The registration deadline is fast-approaching for the Indiana Green Expo and forms must be postmarked by Dec. 31, 2011. The Indiana Green Expo is the largest turf, ornamental, nursery, and landscape conference in Indiana and is jointly sponsored by the Midwest Regional Turf Foundation and Indiana Nursery and Landscape Association. Over sixty experts from across the country are giving over 100 talks on all aspects of the green industry and a tradeshow packed into two days provides an efficient and cost-effective opportunity for educating your whole staff, regardless of what area of the Green Industry where you work. Plus there are huge discounts for bringing more than two employees. Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Kentucky CCH’s, GCSAA education credits, and IAH certification units are all available. Full information as well as on-line registration is available at http://www.indianagreenexpo.com/



Contact Jennifer Biehl with any questions.

Weed of the Month for November 2014 is Roughstalk Bluegrass

Roughstalk Bluegrass  

Biology: Roughstalk bluegrass, primarily known by its scientific name (Poa trivialis), is a cool-season perennial grass that can be found throughout the Midwestern United States. Though roughstalk bluegrass can be found in landscapes, roadsides, meadows, and waste areas, it is primarily considered a turfgrass weed. It can successfully germinate in multiple environmental conditions, but it has a preference for moist soils and high levels of shade. This ability to successfully establish in conditions ideal for the growth and development of most turfgrass species, as well as its ability to spread throughout the turfgrass canopy by stolons, make roughstalk bluegrass a common turfgrass weed throughout the state of Indiana.

Identification: Roughstalk bluegrass is a cool-season perennial grass that can be found in both high- or low-maintenance turfgrass throughout the Midwestern United States. Though the plant looks like it has clumping growth patterns, the plant survives from year-to-year through creeping, above-ground stems called stolons, which spread easily throughout the surrounding turfgrass canopy. Seedlings of the plant are generally small and slow to establish compared to other turfgrass varieties. Despite being included in turfgrass seed mixtures for shady areas, roughstalk bluegrass is also a common contaminant of uncertified turfgrass seed mixtures, and will successfully germinate alongside the desired turf species with adequate soil temperature and moisture conditions. Roughstalk bluegrass leaves are folded in the bud with a membranous ligule that can range from absent to very distinct (long) in size (NOTE: when samples are sent to me for identification, it is usually the type with no or very short ligules). The presence of very small, scabrous hairs give the leaf surface and margins a rough feel, thus accounting for the common name ‘roughstalk bluegrass’. The plant has a broad collar and a boat-shaped leaf tip that is characteristic of other bluegrass turf species. The leaves are shiny, and are pale green or yellow-green in color, but they often turn red or maroon during periods of drought or heat stress. Seedheads are produced from mid-May through June in an open panicle similar to that of Kentucky bluegrass. Roughstalk bluegrass can remain green throughout the winter (with some minor leaf-tip burn) and during the summer months it generally goes dormant. Stolons can successfully germinate after many years of prolonged dormancy. It is often confused with other bluegrass species such as annual bluegrass, though it is considerably larger, and Kentucky bluegrass, though it is generally lighter green in color. Annual bluegrass is primarily bunch-type. Kentucky bluegrass has rhizomes (underground creeping stems). Roughstalk bluegrass can also be confused with creeping bentgrass which is also stoloniferous; however, creeping bentgrass is rolled in the bud while roughstalk bluegrass is folded in the bud.  

Rough bluegrass stolon.

New growth emerging from a node on a rough bluegrass stolon in September following summer stress.

Most rough bluegrass samples have a small or absent membranous ligule with no visible auricle present.

Heat stress in summer will start off as a purpling of the leaves.

Patches of rough bluegrass turn brown.

Eventually rough bluegrass patches will enter summer dormancy and appear dead.

This golf course had a lot of rough bluegrass which created a perennial problem of summer decline in their fairways.

Green stolons look like spaghetti.

Green stolons look like spaghetti. Stolons easily pull up in summer when plants are stressed and rooting is poor.

Cultural control: Rough bluegrass likes shady, wet areas. Therefore, reduce irrigation frequency to reduce the spread of this grassy weed. Mowing practices alone will not provide adequate management since roughstalk bluegrass can survive in many of the same environmental conditions and management programs as other desired turfgrass species. The best method of cultural control for roughstalk bluegrass is to avoid contaminating your turf system in the first place by buying certified seed mixtures/blends from a reputable seed company. Carefully read the labels of each seed bag. Unless the seed is advertised as a shade tolerant mixture, make sure roughstalk bluegrass species are not mentioned in the varieties of seed contained within the bag as a 'weed seed'.

Biological control: None known specifically for roughstalk bluegrass.

Chemical control: Small areas and patches of roughstalk bluegrass can possibly be managed by making repeat applications of non-selective herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate; however, complete control is difficult due to the survival of creeping stolons.Spring application timings before the stress of summer will aid in the control of rough bluegrass with these non-selective herbicides.

For golf courses and sod farms, other products exist that are not labeled for use in lawns. For more information on these products and on weed control, check out our Turfgrass Weed Control for Professionals Publication.

For archives of past weed of the month postings, visit our Weed of the Month Archive.

Aaron Patton, Turfgrass Extension Specialist

Leslie Beck, Postdoctoral Research Associate

Weed of the month for October 2014 is Buckhorn Plantain

Buckhorn Plantain  

Biology: Buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata) is a perennial broadleaf that can be found in sites that are typically dry and consist of neutral to basic soils. Like the closely-related broadleaf plantain (Plantago major), buckhorn plantain can often be found in compacted soils but does not tolerate injury from constant traffic stress. It germinates by seed typically in spring or fall. Seeds have the ability to germinate in relative darkness and can successfully establish and develop into a mature plant; even when surrounded by tall, dense turf. These factors, coupled with its ability to survive low mowing heights, make buckhorn plantain a common weed in low or high maintenance turfgrass.

Identification: Buckhorn plantain is a perennial broadleaf weed that can be found in high and low-maintenance turf throughout the Midwestern United States. The plant produces a dense network of fibrous roots. Buckhorn plantain forms a central, basal rosette. Though it is a broadleaf weed, the first leaves (cotyledons) of the germinating plant are grass-like in appearance and are hairy only on the outer edge of the leaf (margins). As the plant matures, leaf clumps remain in a basal rosette; however, mature plants have the ability to produce multiple clumps all originating from the same crown. The leaves are spear- (lanceolate) to narrowly oval-shaped, are widest at just above the middle point of the leaf length, and are often twisting or heavily curled. Very prominent leaf veins run parallel to the leaf margins which may be entirely smooth or slightly toothed. These leaf veins form prominent ridges that can be easily seen and felt along the lower surface of the leaf. Leaf blades are generally smooth, but can occasionally have long, silky hairs at the base, and are bright to dark-green in color. In a taller turfgrass canopy, the leaves can grow more erect. As the mowing decreases in height and increases in frequency, leaf growth will be more prostrate along the surface of the turfgrass canopy. Small white flowers can be seen branching from dense, cone-shaped seedheads held aloft on an erect, leafless, hairy stalk from June throughout September. In yards that are infrequently mown in the Midwest, the appearance of hundreds of erect buckhorn plantain seed stalks can increase the look of a ‘weedy’ lawn during the summer months. Buckhorn plantain may be confused with bracted plantain (Plantago aristata); however, it has narrower, and hairier leaves and lack the deep, prominent leaf-vein ribs that are characteristic of buckhorn plantain. Buckhorn plantain may also be confused with broadleaf plantain; however, broadleaf plantain has much longer spike-inflorescence (not cone-shaped) and leaf veins appear to originate from a very distinct attachment point to a long, broad leaf-stem (petiole). Buckhorn plantain leaves originate from a very short stem which forms the basal rosette.

Buckhorn plantain grows in clumps of leaves which originate from a central rosette.

Buckhorn plantain leaves have parallel leaf veins that form very deep, prominent ridges.

 Dense population of buckhorn plantain.

 Cone-shaped seedhead with small white flowers.

 Dense groups of seedhead can often appear in lawns that are infrequently mowed. These seedheads can make lawns look very 'weedy', even from a distance.

 Multiple clumps of bright green buckhorn plantain leaves in a droughty cool-season lawn.

Though the plants are related, the leaves of broadleaf plantain (left) are much more broad with leaf margins that originate from the leaf stem (petiole). Buckhorn plantain leaves (right) are more narrow with seemingly parallel leaf venation.

Cultural control: None known specifically for buckhorn plantain. Since its primary method of dispersal is through seed, control or removal of the plant prior to seed production is crucial for deterring the spread of the weed. However, mowing practices alone to remove the seed stalks prior to germination will not provide adequate management since the vegetative portion of the plant can tolerate very low mowing heights. Additionally, since multiple plant clusters can originate from the same crown, it is possible to hand-weed buckhorn plantain; however, it is crucial to remove the crown to prevent regrowth.

Biological control: None known specifically for buckhorn plantain.

Chemical control: Both buckhorn and broadleaf plantain can be chemically controlled using similar herbicide products. Repeat applications of two- or three-way mixtures contianing 2,4-D, MCPP, or MCPA are available in multiple formulations at local retailers and can provide adequate control of buckhorn plantain. Additionally, herbicides that contain triclopyr (Turflon Ester) or triclopyr in combination with other herbicides, such as 2,4-D, can also control buckhorn plantain in cool-season grasses. For best results, herbicides should be applied when buckhorn plantain is actively growing. Follow the directions on the product label for suggestions on improving herbicide efficacy through mowing and irrigation practices prior to- and following the herbicide application.

For more information on weed control, search this blog and check out our Turfgrass Weed Control for Professionals Publication.

For archives of past weed of the month postings, visit our Weed of the Month Archive.

Aaron Patton, Turfgrass Extension Specialist

Leslie Beck, Postdoctoral Research Associate

December Workshops for the Crew: Weed Identification & Control (Herbicide Workshop) and NEW Equipment Technician Training Workshop

Two workshops are available for you and your crew this December.

First, a new workshop, Equipment Technician Training is available. On December 11, 2014 we are hosting our first equipment technician training opportunity at the W.H. Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Center in West Lafayette, Indiana. The training is meant for anyone who has some level of responsibility (managers and technicians) for maintaining equipment and those interested in learning more on the subject.

Workshop Brochure | Register by scan/email, fax or mail or Register online.

Participants at this workshop will learn reel grinding fundamentals with hands-on demonstrations.

Second, what is becoming a popular classic, the Herbicide Workshop. This one day workshop is designed for beginners and for more experienced professionals who want more information on herbicide use principles and discussion of how to control the most common weeds in turf. This workshop offers training inweed identification, integrated weed management, herbicide mode of action, and weed control principles. The workshop is held in four locations (including a Chicagoland location) this year.

December 2, 2014, West Lafayette, Indiana
Registration Brochure (PDF) | On-line Registration
December 4, 2014, Indianapolis, Indiana
Registration Brochure (PDF) | On-line Registration
December 9, 2014, St. Charles, Illinois
Registration Brochure (PDF) | On-line Registration
December 11, 2014, Fort Wayne, Indiana
Registration Brochure (PDF) | On-line Registration

Over 70 different live weed samples will be showcased at this event in addition to great content on weed control.

 

2015 Great Lakes School of Turfgrass Science Online (For Professionals)

Any investment in quality continuing education opportunities benefits employees and employers alike. The 2015 Great Lakes School of Turfgrass Science Online is designed to help meet the continuing education needs of any individual or organization.  This 12-week program will have training sessions accessible live online on Wednesday evenings from 6 to 8pm (Central Standard Time) or the option to view the recorded sessions. This 12-week certificate-based program aims to provide participants with thorough and practical continuing education in turfgrass management.  The course is directed by educators from the University of Minnesota-Twin Cites and the University of Wisconsin-Madison, with 12 turfgrass scientists and educators from eight Land-Grant Universities.

Turfgrasses are a resource in our urban community environments and best management practices are aligned with environmental, economic & societal priorities. The Great Lakes School of Turfgrass Science provides participants with the science based principles needed to effectively manage turf for recreation, sport, aesthetics and environmental protection. The Great Lakes School of Turfgrass Science is a quality training opportunity for:

• Practitioners that establish and maintain turfgrass for athletic fields, consumer/commercial lawns, golf courses, recreation/parks, and sod production
• Technical representatives from industry (suppliers of equipment, plant protectants, fertilizer, etc.)
• Those new to the industry – wanting to get trained and off to a great start
• Those with experience in the industry – to review/update their knowledge and practices

The registration deadline is December 31st, 2014. Students will have access to the course and materials at their convenience during the 12-week period via moodle class management system.  The fee for the course is $495, which includes supplemental materials and a certificate after successful completion of the program.  Visit this link to register: http://z.umn.edu/2015greatlakesturfschool

Early registration is encouraged and pre-registration is required.

For Further Information: Contact Sam Bauer, Assistant Extension Professor – University of Minnesota, Email: sjbauer@umn.edu Phone: 763-767-3518.

The Midwest Regional Turf Foundation is a supporting partner of this short course and Purdue's Dr. Aaron Patton is one of the instructors. We encourage you to consider this new, online education opportunity.

 

Is it Too Late to Apply My Last Nitrogen Fertilization?

Fall is an important time to fertilizer our cool-season turfgrasses. Fall nitrogen promotes good root development, enhances storage of energy reserves, and extends color retention in cool-season lawns. Most of the benefits from late fall nitrogen will be seen next spring and summer with earlier green-up, improved turf density, and improved tolerance to spring diseases such as red thread and pink patch, and reduced weeds.

Historically, we recommended applying more nitrogen in late-fall than we currently recommend. While we used to recommend applying 1.0-1.5 lbs N/1000 square feet with a quick-release nitrogen fertilizer in early to mid-November, we now recommend lighter rates of 0.5-0.75 lbs N/1000 square feet with a quick-release nitrogen fertilizer in early to mid-November. In southern Indiana, a late November or early December application timing would be similar to a mid-November application timing in north central Indiana as there is about a 3 week gap in seasons between the northern and southern ends of the state.

This fall has been cooler than average, especially in November. We are not used to having snow on the ground in mid-November. This caught many by surprise and they were unable to get their last round of nitrogen fertilization out onto the turf. Now, they are wondering if it is too late or not to apply some nitrogen fertilizer if we have a few mild days in late November and early December here in Indiana.

Q: Is it too late to apply nitrogen to cool-season turf (November 26, 2014)?
A: In my opinion, the answer is yes. It is too late to apply nitrogen in 2014 and here is why.
Nitrogen uptake decreases as temperatures cool in autumn.  Since growth and transpiration is slow when temperatures are cool in late-fall, nitrogen is taken-up at lower rates. As such, if you apply nitrogen now when it is cool and temperatures are just a few (<10 °F) degrees above freezing, not all of it will be taken-up by the plant and the remaining nitrogen will stay in the soil or could be prone to loss from leaching.

Fertilizer should not be applied when snow is on the ground or when the ground is frozen as this will make the nitrogen more subject to runoff.

Q: What should I do now since I didn’t get my last application out?
A: Do nothing now. We just missed our opportunity to fertilize in late-fall because of the weather. It happens! While the forecast may have a few days at 50°F or higher predicted in the near future, turf growth, transpiration, and nutrient uptake will be minimal for the remainder of the calendar year as most days will have highs just above freezing.

If you were able to apply some nitrogen in August, September, or October, you should have few worries as you applied nitrogen during the most important part of the year which is at the end of the summer or start of the fall. If the turf seems lean next spring because you missed your late-fall nitrogen application, consider applying a little extra (0.25-0.5 lbs N/1000 square feet) nitrogen fertilization in late April or early May after the spring growth flush to help thicken the turf. Use a slow-release nitrogen source for this spring application.

The ongoing research we have on this topic of late-season nitrogen applications is active and much is being explored on this topic.

Below are a couple examples of research published on this topic in the past few years. Several more experiments are ongoing and we will continue to keep you informed as new research develops.

1. Bigelow, C. and others. 2013. Cool-Season Lawn Turf Response to Fall Applied Nitrogen Programs in the North Central States. Available at: https://scisoc.confex.com/crops/2013am/webprogram/Paper80460.html
2. Lloyd, D.T., D.J. Soldat, and J.C. Stier. 2011. Low-temperature Nitrogen Uptake and Use of Three Cool-season Turfgrasses under Controlled Environments. HortScience 46(11):1545-1549.
Restricted access to full report. Available at: http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/46/11/1545.short

More fertilizer program information is available in AY-22: Fertilizing Home lawns at http://www.extension.purdue.edu/extmedia/AY/AY-22-W.pdf

Aaron Patton, Turfgrass Extension Specialist

Indiana Green Expo – January 9 - 11, 2013

On-line Registration now available!
Register by December 21 and save
(Rates after December 21 will increase: members: $130 | nonmembers: $170)

View full PDF brochure and other Expo details at www.IndianaGreenExpo.com

Wednesday, January 9, 2013

9:00 – 12:00	Workshop A: Hardscapes 101
9:00 – 12:00	Workshop B: Improving Diagnostic Skills: Identifying Diseases, Insects, and Environmental Stress of Landscape Plants (IAH credits)
9:00 – 12:00	Workshop C: Understanding and Enhancing Herbicide Activity
9:00 – 12:00	Workshop D: Selecting Species and Planting Improved Cultivars for Enhanced Turf Performance
1:00 - 5:00	Workshop E: Certified Landscape Technician-Exterior Review & Written Exam
1:00 - 5:00	Workshop F: Indiana Accredited Horticulturalist (IAH) Review and IAH Test
1:00 - 4:00	Workshop G: Pond Maintenance and Aquatic Weed Control
1:00 - 4:00	Workshop H: Getting Your Hands Dirty: Basic Soil Fundamentals

Thursday, Janaury 10, 2013

8:00 – 10:15 am	Opening Session Keynote Speaker: Charlie Hall, Texas A&M University, Managing Inputs Effectively in Uncertain Times
10:00 - 5:00 pm	TRADE SHOW OPEN
10:30 - 5:00 pm	Business Track
11:00 - 5:00 pm	Installation/Maintenance Track
11:00 - 5:00 pm	Plant Materials Track
1:00 pm - 5:00	Combined Golf Track
1:00 pm - 5:00	Lawn Care Track
1:00 pm - 5:00	Sports Turf Track
1:30 pm - 5:00	Production Track
5:00 pm - 7:00	MRTF Awards Ceremony 2013 MRTF Distinguished Service Award: Mr. Bob Avenius, Tru Green
5:00 pm - 7:00	INLA Annual Meeting and Awards Reception

Friday, January 11, 2013

9:00 - 1:00 pm	TRADE SHOW OPEN
8:00 - 3:30 pm	Southern Golf Track
8:00 - 3:30 pm	Northern Golf Track
8:00 - 3:30 pm	Sports Turf Track
8:00 - 4:00 pm	Lawn Care Track
8:00 - 4:00 pm	Plant Materials Track
8:00 - 5:00 pm	Installation/Maintenance Track
9:00 - 5:00 pm	Hardscape Track
10:00 - 4:00 pm	Vegetation Management Track
10:00 - 4:30 pm	Landscape Design Track

Questions contact Jennifer Biehl
765-494-8039 phone | 765-496-6335 fax | biehlj@purdue.edu

Turf Herbicide Workshops - Space Still Avaiable

Join us at one of our three great workshops that are being held in December!

Turf Herbicide Workshop  - registration deadline: Wednesday, November 28, 2012
(CCH’s requested: 7 - category 3a, 7 - category 3b, 7 - category 6, 4 - RT license)

December 4, 2012: Caribbean Cove Conference Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
3850 DePauw Boulevard  |  Indianapolis, IN 46268
Registration: 8.00 am (Eastern); Workshop: 8:30 am - 4:00 pm (lunch on your own)
Register on-line at: http://www.mrtf.org/php/Registration.php?pid=5541 or
PDF registration form at http://www.agry.purdue.edu/turf/PDF/2012_herbicidebrochure.pdf

December 6, 2012: Hilton Garden Inn, Fort Wayne, Indiana
8615 US 24 West  |  Fort Wayne, IN 46804
Registration: 8.00 am (Eastern); Workshop: 8:30 am - 4:00 pm (lunch on your own)
Register on-line at: http://www.mrtf.org/php/Registration.php?pid=6141 or
PDF registration form at http://www.agry.purdue.edu/turf/PDF/2012_herbicidebrochure.pdf

December 10, 2012: Daniel Turf Center, West Lafayette, Indiana
1340 Cherry Lane  | West Lafayette, IN 47907
Registration: 8.00 am (Eastern); Workshop: 8:30 am - 4:00 pm (lunch on your own)          
Register on-line at http://www.mrtf.org/php/Registration.php?pid=6201 or
PDF registration form at http://www.agry.purdue.edu/turf/PDF/2012_herbicidebrochure.pdf

Agenda:
8:00 – 8:30 am Registration
8:30 – 9:30 am Overview of Turf Herbicides
9:30 – 10:15 am Herbicide Mode of Action: Why Should I care?
10:15 – 11:15 am Principles of Weed Control: Maximizing Control
11:15 – 11:45 am Hands-on Weed ID (see over 50 live weed samples)
11:45 am – 12:45 pm Lunch (on your own)
12:45 – 2:00 pm Identifying and Controlling Annual Grassy Weeds More Effectively
2:00 – 3:15 pm Identifying and Controlling Broadleaf Weeds
3:15 – 3:45 pm Identifying and Controlling Sedges
3:45 – 4:00 pm Concluding remarks

Questions contact Jennifer Biehl
765-494-8039 phone | 765-496-6335 fax | biehlj@purdue.edu

How Late is Too Late to Control Broadleaf Weeds?

Many are asking is how late in the year can I apply a broadleaf herbicide to control dandelions, white clover, ground ivy and other broadleaf weeds. Generally, the best answer is that broadleaf herbicides can be applied in Indiana until mid-November and still provide effective control. This timing is +/- 2 weeks depending upon your location in the state. Broadleaf week control in Northern Indiana is best by November 1, whereas broadleaf weeks can effectively be controlled in southern Indiana prior to December 1. This window can be extended if temperatures are above average and days are sunny.
 
Many herbicides are effective in late fall because plants are more likely to translocate (move downward) herbicides into root and stem tissues as the day lengths shorten and the temperatures cool. Typically, this will occur near or following our first frosts which has recently occurred. Previous research shows that 2,4-D and/or dicamba were far more effective in controlling dandelions and Canada thistle in Nebraska when applied 1 to 10 days after the first fall frost than when applied 5 to 11 days before the frost (Wilson and Michiels, 2003). Other research in Michigan found that "good dandelion control can result from herbicides applied through late October, even when the plants are not actively growing." (Hanson and Branham, 1988). More recently, research at Purdue (Reicher and Weisenberger, 2007) found the following in regards to ground ivy control and application timing (also see Figure below):

• November applications of most herbicides resulted in ground ivy control similar to earlier (September and October) applications when rated the following June.
  
• Triclopyr was the most effective and consistent in controlling ground ivy.
  
• Long-term control of ground ivy from triclopyr was not affected significantly by application date.
  
• When using three-way herbicides (2,4-D + MCPP + diacmba) or products containing fluroxypyr, applications on 1 September through 1 November were most effective.
  
• Adding carfentrazone (FMC’s Quicksilver, PBI Gordons’ Powerzone and Speedzone) to 2,4-D+MCPP+dicamba dramatically improved short-term control of ground ivy from November applications, but had little long-term benefit on any application date. Products containing carfentrazone will aid in quick “burndown” and immediate customer satisfaction when making fall applications but they may not increase long-term control, especially with ground ivy.
  

The bottom line is that if the herbicide is rated to provide excellent control on the weed that you are trying to control, it may not bee too late to control broadleaf weeds this fall. 

Other notes:

• In all cases read the herbicide label before making an application. 
• Winter annuals. Many winter annuals like henbit, common chickweed, purple deadnettle and others have already germinated and are small and easily controlled in the fall. Applications in October and November will control these small winter annual broadleaves as well as the perennial broadleaves.
• Newly seeded areas. Read the herbicide label carefully if the area you want to treat has recently been seeded. Most herbicides require that newly seeded turf be germinated and mown 1-2 times prior to a herbicide application. 

For more information on weed control, search this blog and archived turf tip postings and check out our Turfgrass Weed Control for Professionals Publication.

Sources:

1. Hanson, K. V., and Branham, B. E. 1988. Broadleaf weed control research update: II. Late fall weed control. Proc. of the 58th Annu. Mich. Turfgrass Conf. 17:44-51.

2. Reicher, Z. J., and Weisenberger, D. V. 2007. Herbicide selection and application timing in the fall affects control of ground ivy. Online. Applied Turfgrass Science doi:10.1094/ATS-2007-0831-01-RS.

3. Wilson, R. G., and Michiels, A. 2003. Fall herbicide treatmets affect carbohydrate content in roots of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Weed Sci. 51:299-304.

Aaron Patton, Turfgrass Extension Specialist

What To Do With All Those Falling Leaves?

It is that time of year when leaves are falling faster than you can rake them in many places. It is important to rake leaves when there are many leaves on the ground (so many that you can't see the turf underneath) so that heavy layers of leaves will not shade out, smother, and kill turf. However, when only a moderate number of leaves are on the ground, you can use your mower to mulch them back into the turf. Research results at Purdue and other universities demonstrates that:

• Tree leaves (both oak and maple) can be mulched without any detrimental effects on the soil or turf and usually results in improvements in soil structure.
  
• Mulching leaves into the turf will not increase thatch or disease.
  
• Leaves have no effect on soil pH and no measurable effect on nutrient availability.
  
• Mulching leaves will not result in increased weed pressure and some recent research in Michigan even suggests that mulching leaves back into your lawn can reduce dandelion populations.
  

Helpful tips:

• The easiest way to dispose of leaves is to simply mow them into the turf.
  
• Regular mowing during the fall will chop the leaves into small pieces and allow them to filter into the turf.
  
• Dry leaves mulch more easily and readily than wet leaves.
  
• Mulching leaves with a mower is much easier and less time consuming than raking, blowing, and/or vacuuming the leaves like we have done in the past.
  
• Mulching leaves disposes of the leaves without filling up our landfills and saves our municipalities thousands of dollars in disposal costs.
  
• Do not burn leaves because of our current burn bans and due to environmental pollution.
  
  
   
  
  
  
   

Aaron Patton, Turfgrass Extension Specialist

Winter Annual Weeds

Four types of broadleaf weeds exist: 1) perennial (those living more than two years), biennial (those living two years), 3) summer annuals (those germinating in the spring and dying in the fall), and 4) winter annuals (those germinating in the fall and surviving the winter and dying the following spring). Since many of these winter annual weeds are now germinated, I thought it might be a useful exercise to review their identification. Below is one picture of various winter annual broadleaf weeds. Be on the lookout for these this fall and next spring.

Annual bluegrass

Catchweed bedstraw

Common chickweed

Corn Speedwell

Henbit

Prickly lettuce

Purple deadnettle

Sheperd’s purse

Aaron Patton, Turfgrass Extension Specialist

Imprelis Return and Refund Program

On October 17, DuPont began a process to recall and refund Imprelis from Turf professionals. DuPont has contacted distributors, who will be coordinating with turf professionals to ensure that all remaining full and partially full bottles of Imprelis® are returned. Turf professionals have 10 business days to return all Imprelis® product (4.5 fl. oz., 1.0 gallon, and 2.5 gallon bottles) to them after the initial contact from the distributor. After returning the remaining Imprelis® to the distributor, turf professionals will be given either a refund or credits, depending on the distributor’s policy. In this EPA approved disposition plan, the EPA suggests that you maintain records associated with Imprelis®, including but not limited to: 1) quantities used and returned, including product lot numbers 2) application records, and 3) purchase records.

Below are links to documents useful to turf professionals who applied Imprelis® last fall or this spring. More information is available at http://www.imprelis-facts.com/ and at (866) 796-4783.



Information From DuPont:

Imprelis Status Mailer to Users & Dealers (September 20, 2011)

DuPont Imprelis return & refund letter to applicators (October 17, 2011)

DuPont Imprelis return & refund letter to distributors (October 17, 2011)

DuPont Imprelis instructions for return & refund (October 17, 2011)

Grass Clippings and Herbicides

I have received a few questions recently regarding the use of grass clippings on lawns treated with herbicides. Here is one of those questions: “Our Master Gardener Association will be working on a project in which they hope to use a great amount of lawn clippings to put down as compost in a large area. This will require lawn clippings donated from several different sites. Will they run into a problem with clippings from lawns that have been treated with Imprelis® this year? Would there be chemical residue which remains in the clippings and/or compost which should be avoided?”

The answer to that specific question is that we do not recommend that clippings from lawns treated with Imprelis® (aminocyclopyrachlor) be used in the composting. Even if Imprelis® was applied 6 months ago (applied in April, today’s date October 12) there still could be some Imprelis® residue present in the clippings or the soil. Although any herbicide residue may be minimal from a spring application, we 1) don’t fully understand how long Imprelis® lasts in the soil or the grass clippings and 2) Imprelis® is active at very low rates and thus even if just a little is left it could be enough to cause injury on a susceptible ornamental plant such as tomatoes in the garden or flowers in the landscape.

The Imprelis label states “Do not use grass clippings from treated areas for mulching or compost, or allow for collection to composting facilities. Grass clippings must either be left on the treated area, or, if allowed by local yard waste regulations, disposed of in the trash. Applicators must give verbal or written notice to property owner/property manager/residents to not use grass clippings from treated turf for mulch or compost.”

The Imprelis® label does not state how long not to remove clippings. Eternity, 1 year, 2 months? It simply does not say. Therefore, I recommend not to use clippings from Imprelis® treated lawns in compost.

What about other herbicides? Other herbicides applied to residential turf may have label language as well that restricts clippings from being collected. The Dimension® 2EW (dithiopyr) label also states “Do not use clippings from treated turf for mulching around vegetables or fruit trees.” Like the Imprelis® label, the Dimension® 2EW label also does not specify how long to wait after treating before clippings can be safely harvested. Another herbicide, Drive® XLR8 (quinclorac), states that “Clippings from the first three mowings after application should be left on the treated area”. This label makes it a little clearer when it is safe to harvest clippings. Most labels contain no reference whatsoever to “clippings”.

Therefore, language varies from label to label regarding the use of clippings for mulch or compost following a herbicide application. In most cases I would recommend not using clippings from a lawn treated with herbicide within one-month (approximately 3 mowings) unless the label states otherwise such as with Imprelis®.

Aaron Patton, Turfgrass Extension Specialist

MRTF Turf and Ornamental Seminar - November 14-15

Turf and Ornamental Seminar

November 14-15, 2012

Daniel Turf Center

West Lafayette, Indiana

Registration Form (PDF Format)

Register on-line at http://mrtf.org/php/Registration.php?pid=5487

Registration Deadline: November 2, 2012

CCH's: Cat. 2 - 5 CCH's; Cat. 3a - 8 CCH's; Cat. 3b - 9 CCH's; Cat. 6 - 3 CCH's; RT - 4 CCH's

Wednesday, November 14

8:00-8:30              Registration

8:30-8:45              Opening comments, Aaron Patton

8:8:45-9:45          All About Turf Seed: Identification, Germination, Planting, Aaron Patton

9:45-10:45           Safe Tree Felling: What You Need To Know, Lindsey Purcell

10:45-11:45         Getting Your Hands Dirty: Learning More About Soils, Quincy Law

11:45-12:45         Lunch (on your own)

12:45-1:40           Selection and Inspection of Spray Hoses and DOT Rules, Fred Whitford

1:40-2:00              DOT Regulation Changes: What You Need to Know, Fred Whitford

2:00-3:00              State Chemist News and Updates, Joe Becovitz

3:00-4:00              Weather Effects on Insects: How Do Insects Cope?, Tim Gibb

Thursday, November 15

8:00-8:30              Turf Jeopardy, Aaron Patton

8:30-9:30              New Tools For Managing Landscape and Ornamental Insect Pests, Cliff Sadof

9:30-10:30           Maintaining Grounds: Keeping Native Species In and Invasives Out, Matt Kraushar

10:30-11:30         Perennial Disappointments: Diseases of Perennial Plants, Janna Beckerman

11:30-12:15         Lunch (provided)

12:15-1:15           Promoting Turf Recovery…Fertilizer Strategies, Seeding and More!, Cale Bigelow

1:15-2:15              Identification and Control of Turf Diseases, Rick Latin

2:15-3:15              Herbicide Update: New Resources and Ingredients, Aaron Patton

If you have any questions or have any special dietary needs please contact Jennifer Biehl at 765-494-8039 or biehlj@purdue.edu

When a GPS Unit Malfunctions

This photo was submitted from a golf course where it was found tunneling into a green.  It is obvious that it is creating some damage but the astute manager was able to find and photograph the beetle in association with the damage.  This combination always makes identification and control recommendations much easier.

The insect was identified as a ‘Fancy Dung Beetle’ in the family Geotrupidae: Bolbocerosoma sp.   It is closely related to the Scarabaidae (Japanese beetles, masked chafers, June beetles etc) that we are very familiar with.  Like the Scarabs, these insects often bore down into the soil to lay their eggs.  Usually Geotrupid beetles select areas very rich in decaying organic matter such as in manure and barn yards.  However, just like people, every so often one will become completely lost.  This one apparently has ended up on a golf green by accident.  

You can see that the beetle has created a bit of a burrow and this may be a concern if many of his kind were to do the same thing on a green.  However, I think this may be just a random occurrence and the damage, a very isolated incident. Why it is where it is nobody knows for sure.  I suspect that it’s GPS system is simply out of whack.


Timothy Gibb, Department of Entomology, Purdue University

Weed of the month for September 2014 is Broadleaf Plantain

Broadleaf Plantain  

Biology: Broadleaf plantain (Plantago major) is a perennial, broadleaf weed that can be found in nutrient-poor soils; however, they prefer nutrient rich-soils that are moist and often high in calcium. Broadleaf plantain is a common weed in turfgrass, nurseries, and landscapes as it can tolerate very low mowing heights. It germinates from seed in late spring through mid-to-late summer and occasionally in the fall depending on temperature and moisture. It has a low growing rosette habit and tolerates close mowing. It's ability to surve a range of environments make broadleaf plantain a common turfgrass weed in North America.

Identification: Broadleaf plantain is anchored primarily by fibrous roots. Some describe the root system as having a central, short taproot with branched-out fibrous roots but my experience is that large, fibrous roots are common and that taproots (especially large taproots like a dandelion) are very uncommon. Broadleaf plantain grows with a rosette habit with leaves that can grow flat along the turfgrass canopy or more erect and upright depending on mowing practices. The plant produces leaves that form on long, broad leaf-stems (petioles) that may grow up to six inches long and four inches wide when left unmown or untreated. Young leaves are oval to egg-shaped, generally have 3-5 prominent veins, and are light green in color. As the plant matures, the leaves start to appear darker green, can be smooth or slightly hairy, and abruptly narrowing to the petiole (leaf stalk). Very prominent leaf veins run parallel to the margin and appear to originate from the attachment point at the petiole. Leaf margins are smooth (entire) and appear more crinkled and wavy as the plant matures. Though the leaves can appear waxy and dark- to bluish-green, the petioles often have a reddish color towards their base, or the origin point of the rosette. Broadleaf plantain can produce flowers from June through September on long, leafless flower-stalks that arise from the center of the rosette. Small, whitish petals emerge from the flower-stalk where seeds are produced in an oval-shaped capsule which can contain up to 30 viable seeds. It may often be confused with blackseed plantain (Plantago rugelii) which is similar in appearance. Additionally, it is thought that many plants characterized as broadleaf plantain may in fact be natural crosses between Plantago major and Plantago rugelii.  

Broadleaf plantain appearance in early spring. it will regrow all its leaves each spring. The purple coloring here is in response to cool, spring temperatures.

Cultural control: None known specifically for broadleaf plantain. Since its primary method of dispersal is through seed, control or removal of the plant prior to seed production could reduce the spread of this weed. However, mowing practices alone to remove the seed stalks will not provide adequate management since the plant can produce viable seed at low mowing heights (produces viable seed at about 2 inches and taller heights of cut). Proper turf management such as higher mowing heights, irrigation, and fertilization will help to produce a dense, aggressive turf which is the greatest defense against invading/germinating weeds. Broadleaf plantain thrives in compacted soils, moist or dry soils, and shady conditions. Some research suggests as well that this plant prefers high calcium soils, but high calcium soils are a common phenomenon in North American because the soil parent material is limestone. Plants can be removed by hand-weeding if there are only a few on the property.

Biological control: None known specifically for broadleaf plantain. Many new organic products contain the active ingredient iron HEDTA (FeHEDTA). Multiple applications of this product are required for control. FeHEDTA containing products injure turf less (can actually make turf darker green), but their efficacy for weed control is yet to be well documented.

Chemical control: Broadleaf plantain can be chemically controlled with several products such as repeat applications of two- or three-way mixtures of 2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP, or MCPA which are available in multiple formulations at local retailers. 2,4-D is the active ingredient that does most of the work in these mixtures. Herbicides that contain triclopyr (Turflon Ester) or triclopyr in combination with other herbicides, such as 2,4-D, can also provide good broadleaf plantain control in cool-season grasses.

For more information on weed control, search this blog and check out our Turfgrass Weed Control for Professionals Publication.

For archives of past weed of the month postings, visit our Weed of the Month Archive.

Aaron Patton, Turfgrass Extension Specialist

Leslie Beck, Postdoctoral Research Associate